What does this gene do?

The apolipoprotein A 2 gene codes for the apolipoprotein A-II, which is the second most abundant binding protein found in the high-density lipoprotein (HDL)  AKA the“good” cholesterol.

The role of APOA2 is complex and has an undefined role in the metabolism of cholesterol, overweight and obesity, insulin resistance, susceptibility to arterial wall thickening and regulation of satiety.  The variant in this gene may results in deficiency in apolipoprotein A-II deficiency or hypercholesterolemia (high cholesterol levels in the blood).

The C allele is the risk allele and results in a 30% reduced APOA2 . This means that this is associated with lower APOA2 concentrations. The C variant is also associated with increased levels of ghrelin (the hunger hormone), belly fat and increased food consumption.

 If you have the CC genotype, there will be lower levels of APOA2 concentrations. It is linked with greater energy intake and a higher body mass index. If your intake of saturated fat is high (such as from animal products or highly processed foods) AND you have the CC genotype, there has been an association with insulin resistance meaning that you cannot handle your fat and starch from your diet effectively. It’s recommended to decrease intake of animal-based saturated fats to improve BMI. Discuss dietary advice with your registered dietitian or healthcare practitioner.

The CC genotype is observed in 25% of European. The C allele is found in 34-35% of Europeans and African Americans and in 25% of Asians.

Other genes that work in concert: FTO and MC4R genotypes.